How Many Types of Light Emitting Diode

1.      According to the LED light color.

1.1   According to the LED light color, can devided into red, orange, green, blue, white , etc. And some light-emitting diodes include two or three color chips.

1.2   According to the light emitting diode at the doped or non-doped scattering agent, colored or colorless, the various colors of light-emitting diodes can be divided into colored, transparent, colorless and transparent, colored scattering and colorless scattering four types. Scattering of light-emitting diodes is use for indicator.

In general, LED display screen is use red, green, and blue. As common lighting is used white LED.

LED Street Lights Avoid Lightning Solutions

Study found several effective ways to prevent LED street lamp damage from lighting.

1.      External lightning protection combined with internal lightning protection

Now the general LED lights exterior are the conductor material which is equivalent to a lightning rod, the design must be installed deflectors and ground network, these systems constitute the external lightning protection system. The system can prevent LED street lights from fire and cause personal safety incidents due to direct lightning. Internal lightning protection system refers to the internal street through the ground, set the voltage protection, and protection of equipment. The system prevents lightning overvoltages and other forms of invasion, destruction caused by the power, which is the external lightning protection system can’t be guaranteed. Between the two are mutually reinforcing and complementary. Internal lightning protection systems in many devices such as housing, access to protected areas and cable, metal pipes, etc. must be connected to the external lightning protection system or set overvoltage protection, and equipotential bonding.

LED Will Replace Incandescent

In order to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, address global warming, many countries set off a wave of out inefficient incandescent light.

EU 2007 launched a energy saving lamps use plans, the office and street lighting facilities, household or other forms of incandescent lamps made ​​more stringent energy efficiency requirements, target in the phasing out of incandescent in private households previously 2009. Its Member States have adopted a related move, such as the UK announced in 2011 to phase out incandescent; Irish Government has set out a timetable for incandescent lamps; Belgium, Portugal, Switzerland, France has done a similar declaration.

U.S. will phased out the use of incandescent light bulbs from December 2007. Federal standards will be conducted in two stages, the first stage is from 2012 to 2014, banned 100 watts lamps, covering all commonly used lamps, up to about 25-30% energy savings objective. After 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy and other departments will take more mandatory measures. In April 2007, Canada announced in 2012 before phasing out inefficient incandescent light bulbs.

University Of Manchester Have Developed Life Expectancy of 10 Years LED Lamp Module

University of Manchester is currently studying the advantages of LED technology used in road lighting, The long-life LED lights means less frequent replacement and maintenance, thereby reducing the adverse impact on traffic, reducing the associated costs of replacement and maintenance.

LED lighting products are long life expectancy which are currently studying the life of the LED lamp module is to reach 10-year, far than the existing ordinary street lighting. In addition, the use of LED lights to provide lighting can reduce 25-50% of energy consumption, can save more energy and costs.

But when the high-brightness LED at work may cause heat, which can also affect the life span of LED lighting, also makes the heat problem has become an obstacle to the development of LED. The researchers are now faced with the question how will work closely together of the LED at work generated heat in a timely manner dissipate, to extend the life of LED lights.

Since the LED module is used in outdoors, the actual environmental factors have been taken into account. Such as critical heat sink is the possibility of a bird nest. Existing regulations stipulated in the glare of the lights and light pollution degree limit, while clearly defined area of ​​the LED light source can be installed.

Under normal operation, LED light output to go through the process of gradual reduction, and this process will continues. Led light output reduction may be due to reduced efficiency of light generated by the LED, or the LED compressed within the optical path in reducing. However, as long as no overload, LED lights after work 50,000 hours or 10 years, you can reach 70% of the original light output capability.

Optical Loss of LED Lens

What is LED lens module?

It is the number of single lens by injection to complete a whole long lens, can be designed according to different needs 3-in-1 or even dozens of pieces of 1,5-one lens module. This design effectively saving production costs, product quality consistency, space saving, and easier to achieve "high-power" and so on.

1.      The LED lamp which have blister and lens, the luminous flux need to meet the actual requirements of the standard light distribution. Also need to consider the transmittance of the lens, the light loss factors such as overflow. The bulbs for general lighting lamps or high-power lens will need to use a parallel beam diffusion process to meet the standard requirements. The optical effect is more reasonable, the design should be divided into small rectangular lighting unit cover, this aim is to break the light wavefront, to create a uniform appearance of products. In each small element, use the ellipsoid, since the surface has horizontal and vertical directions of curvature, which can be in two directions with different radii of curvature to achieve different diffusion effect. Its fundamental purpose is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional technologies, rational use of flux, to achieve uniform and efficient light distribution. In fact Bulb housing is make of PC material (plastic finish), spherical, pear-shaped, cylindrical bulb are non-small cell, non-planar whole shell, light loss is large, light angle is too small.

2.      Because one surface of the lens having horizontal and vertical curvature radius in both directions, it is possible to make the incident light in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction have been spread. Given the radius of curvature in two directions independent of each other, it can upon request, two curvatures were adjusted so that the light output in two directions to obtain different degrees of diffusion. Thus, using two-way curvature curved surface of the lens, can be more freely design distribution of light output, more efficient use of flux, to reduce unnecessary waste and glare. Further, due to the use of a smooth transition surface, a uniform transition lamp light distribution and good looks. Completely transparent PMMA lighting or shade in the center of the light source or cause blinding glare of light strings, but the brightness of the light source has rapidly reduced peripheral. Many social occasions and operating environment lighting must exclude this unpleasant atmosphere or minimize the causes eye discomfort light.

3.      The projection of each lens unit on the body is a rectangular, so that the units can be closely arranged neatly. Parallel beam through the refraction of the lens unit in the horizontal direction is formed symmetrically evenly spread, in the vertical direction is formed downward deflected evenly spread. A lens by adjusting the size of the units and the radii of curvature in both directions, the deployment of a luminous flux in a different solid angle range of the distribution of the light distribution to meet the design requirements.

4.      We have to placed the light source in the inside of the lens, the more light away from the lens, the lens of the light flux collected is more less, and thus the efficiency of the lens system is lower.

Therefore, the focal length of the lens can’t blindly pursue the maximum. The thickness of the lens is not large, so don’t use a Fresnel lens, avoiding the cumbersome and increase the processing costs.

How to Maintain LED Lights

LED lights Category: mainly divided into external and internal lighting fixtures. Common lamps are: headlight, turn signals light, tail lights, fog lights, rear lamps and so on. The following describes the main light maintenance and the methods to use.

In general, as long as not bright, it shows that the lamp has been burned, must be replaced. But if not completely broken, but decrease in brightness, redness and dim lighting, it must not be taken lightly, because this could be a precursor to failure, it will also cause major risk to safely drive.

There are several reasons for the decrease brightness, the most common reason is lamp glass or a mirror on a plot is dirty, you need to use cloth or lens paper to clean the dust. Another reason is that the battery charge capacity decreased, which led to lack of electricity bright enough, so you need to replace the battery.

Various types of lights maintenance

1. Headlamp
Generally speaking, often burn the midnight oil friend should consider replacing one pair of headlights with higher brightness, bright enough to see the road details so that in the dark night can safely drive. If conditions permit, you can even replace one pair of xenon headlights (hid), xenon lamp is not only enough brightness, long life, it also has a feature of high color temperature which is close to daylight can protection for driver's eyes.
2. Taillights
Do not underestimate the taillights, if taillights failure, can easily lead to rear-end accident. With LED light bulb is a good alternative to the traditional choice, LED is not only an increase in brightness, response time is somewhat shorter than conventional bulbs, which means that when you depress the brake pedal, LED brake lights can be more than ordinary light bulb early, so that the trailing vehicle to have more preparation time.
3. Fog lights
Fog is often said that the spotlights. As the name implies, the main purpose is to ensure the driver's line of sight in bad weather, and to ensure that others can see you. In addition to replacing the brighter fog lights, choose a hid xenon fog lamps are also a good choice.
4. Rear lamps
Reversing in the night is really a headache thing, especially for the poor eyesight drivers, original rear lights are actually not much help. Then you need a reversing lamp, a rear protection bar installed in the middle or at the bottom of independent lamps, after hanging down in reverse gear will automatically light up.

What Is Green Lighting

What Is Green Lighting?
Green Lighting is the concepts presented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the early 1990s. The complete contents of green lighting are including energy efficient, environmentally friendly, safe, comfortable four indicators. Energy efficient means to consume less power to obtain adequate lighting, thereby significantly reducing power plant emissions of atmospheric pollutants, to achieve environmental protection objectives. Safe and comfortable means is a clear illumination, soft, and does not generate ultraviolet light, glare and other harmful light, no light pollution.

Engineering requirements that people do not simply believe that only energy efficiency, but to go from a higher level of awareness, increased to conserve energy, protect the environment. Because the purpose of the green lighting project proposed is not just economic problems, but mainly focused on the use of resources and environmental protection. By saving lighting, thereby reducing consume of electricity, which reduces the amount of coal to reduce the S02, C02, and nitrogen oxides and other harmfulgases.

Green lighting engineering requirements of lighting energy saving, has not exactly in the traditional sense of energy saving. That is, to meet the lighting quality and visual environmental conditions and higher requirements, and therefore can’t be achieved by reducing the standards of the lighting for energy saving. Implementation of green lighting project, can’t be simply interpreted as providing energy efficient lighting equipment, efficient equipment is an important thing leading the future of green lighting products, but there should be correct and reasonable lighting system design.

Efficient lighting equipment is an important foundation of lighting energy. but the lighting equipment is not just light source. For people already know, the light source is the primary factor but not the only. The efficiency of lamps and electrical accessories (such as ballast) for lighting effects can’t be ignored. This point is often not noticed by people, such as a desk lamp with a diffuser cover, or a computer with a grille with straight tube fluorescent lamps, high-quality products efficiency can be higher 50% or even 100% than low-quality products.

repost from: http://www.cobledbulb.com

DOE Released LED Lights with High Pressure Sodium Comparison Report

From 2011, DOE Municipal Solid-State Street Light Consortium (MSSLC) conducted this experiment for the nine Kansas City, Missouri SSL lamps. The experiment shows that the performance of LED slightly better than high-pressure sodium lamp. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced on its website on the news. These LED lights installed in February 2011, after more than two years of testing, reveals the LED lights, although not as high pressure sodium lamp lumen output or efficacy, the LED lights can output more lumens to the road surface and reduce light spill. Taking into account the technical level of these LED lights stay on in 2011, can be considered the current technology allows LED street performance is more prominent.

The project includes the installation ranges from 63W to 291W LED lights instead of 100W, 150W, 250W, 400W sodium lamp. Measurement results can be reduced 31-51% of energy, an average of approximately 39%, but the LED lights reduces the average of about 31% of the lumen. LED lights compared to high pressure sodium lamp efficacy average increase of about 15%, but there are two LED product efficacy low than high pressure sodium products. In addition, LED lights application effect is more accurate, delivered to the target area of the lumen increases. LED lights still has some significant advantages, for example, a 130W LED lamps replace 150W high pressure sodium lights, LED lights efficacy of 83 lumens / watt, while high pressure sodium lamp efficacy 45.1 lm / Watt. But they both have scattered light. 250W class LED lights compared to pressure sodium light is no excess light, LED lighting efficacy of 47 lumens / watt, high pressure sodium lamp of 33.6 lumens / watt.

Summing up the above results, LED lights slightly more effective than high pressure sodium. SSL alternative offers significant energy savings benefits, eliminating the light spill and to provide more effective and uniform illumination, but also save maintenance costs.

Finnish Company Launched Europe's Most Energy-Efficient Indoor LED Lighting

Finland Greenled company produced a indoor LED lighting, its energy saving level is the highest among the entire European market. According to the company, this called ECOE indoor lighting is the first to get the highest grade A + + energy saving products in the Europe. Greenled lamp can save 50% or more than the use latest technology lighting fluorescent tube lamps. This lamp is for retail stores, shopping centers, industrial center and logistics facilities.

ECOE lamps can be controlled digitally, which means you can make more effective use of daylight illumination. Digital control can adjust the brightness of a single LED lamp. In addition, lighting can be logarithm adjusted, which means you can move according to the customer's traffic and adjust lighting of the shop, the customer will not even aware of this change.

With intelligent LED lighting and digital control, we can save about 60 to 80% energy than those with not control fluorescent.

According to the company, The LED lamps also complies with the principle of sustainable development, This product is different from the mercury-containing fluorescent bulbs, and relatively long working life.

Aaltonen said: "Finland has golden opportunity to contend with the European lighting giant, in order to achieve this goal, we definitely need to talk with other Finnish manufacturer of lighting equipment for cross-company collaboration.”

4 Problems of LED Lighting Power Supply Design

1.       The problem of electrolytic capacitor life does not match the LED life.

An important consideration of LED light is that the life of LED driving circuit should be able to be compared with the LED. Although the impact driver circuit reliability by many factors, the electrolytic capacitors have a crucial impact to the overall reliability. To extend the working life of the system, you need to targeted analysis the capacitors, and select the appropriate electrolytic capacitors.

In fact, the effective work life of the electrolytic capacitor is greatly affected by the ambient temperature and internal temperature rise. So take maintain the appropriate temperature and stress for consider in the design, can effectively extend the working life of the electrolytic capacitor,

2.       A common cause and treatment approaches for LED flashes.

Typically the human’s eye can perceive frequencies up to 70 Hz flashes of light, above this frequency is not perceived by human. Therefore, in the LED lighting applications, if the frequency of the pulse signal of the low-frequency component is lower than 70 Hz, the human eye will feel blinking. Of course, in the specific application, there are several factors that may cause the LED light flashes. For example, in off-line low power LED lighting applications, a common power supply topology is isolated flyback topology.

In addition, even use provides excellent power factor correction and support TRIAC dimming LED driver applications, it requires the electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter.      

3.       PWM dimming impact to the LED lifetime

LED has a long life, PWM dimming will not decrease the LED life expectancy. Even the LED PWM dimming help reduce the heat, in fact, can also help extend the LED life expectancy.

4.       The potential problems of use TRIAC dimmer control LED brightness

Currently TRIAC dimmer light is a popular method for dimming. TRIAC dimmer originally designed for incandescent lamps, but such as ON Semiconductor has introduced a leading provider of support TRIAC dimmable LED driver, which is ideal for LED lighting provides TRIAC dimmer.

China Guangdong LED Major Scientific Research Is About To Enter the Stage of Industrialization

Recently, LED industry in Guangdong Science Center released a major LED scientific, including on the overall thin structure of LCD backlight module technology, intelligent and efficient development and commercialization of LCD TVs. LED epitaxial materials high purity metal organic (MO source), AC LED white light and phosphor technology, subtract the power of the high-voltage LED core technology R & D, as well as "High-power LED high brightness and high reliability of flip-chip-scale packaging technology" and a number of projects in mass production or about to enter the stage of industrialization.

Hongwei and Akinobu Group have developed a prototype of domestic MOCVD, breaking the bottleneck of subject to the control by human. Epitaxial ZnO-based transparent electrode structure of the new high-power LED chips, GaN epitaxial technology and a number of homogeneous proprietary technology to fill gaps in Guangdong Industry. number of LED major scientific and technological achievements into industrial stage.

on the overall thin structure of LCD backlight module technology, Embed enhanced dynamic backlight control technology, energy saving to 30-50%. Integrated design, save up 15 percent cost than traditional crafts.

LED epitaxial materials high purity metal organic (MO source), using Purified by distillation trimethyl gallium, the production process is simple, safe, energy saving, Not only improve the production stability, and significantly increase productivity.

Originality proposed AC LED phosphors combined with AC direct drive technology solutions. Effectively compensate for the AC-powered LED luminous volatility to solve the problem of AC-Powered of the LED strobe.

By using a special high-pressure process technology of the LED driver chip, greatly reduce the cost and decrease consume of the LED power, longer the service life and simplify the production process. Expected development of 4 kinds of LED lighting products which is high-power LED chip high brightness and high reliability high-power LED chip flip. light luminous efficiency level of above 140 lumens per watt. To achieve an annual output of 40 million high-power LED chips.

Which Means To Achieve White Light LED

White color is mixing by red, green and blue, when the green light brightness of 69%, 21% brightness of red, blue brightness of 10%, after the blending, people will feel is pure white, but can’t achieve all chromatographic results due to led RGB three-color chromaticity coordinates process.

There are three main methods to achieve white light LED at current.

1.       Through the LED red, blue, yellow three-color combination of multi-chip emitting synthetic white light.

Advantages: high efficiency, color temperature control, better color rendering.

Disadvantages: three primary colors lumen decay is different for each other, will caused instability color temperature, the control circuit is more complex and costly.

2.       Blue LED chip drive phosphors, then emitting white light by Blue LED and phosphor. To change the color performance in which you can add a little red phosphor or both plus the amount of green and red phosphors.

Advantages: high efficiency, simple preparation, temperature stability, good color rendering.

Disadvantages: poor consistency, color temperature, the angle changes.

3.       Near-ultraviolet LED chip drive phosphors emitting tricolor synthesis white light.

Pros: good color index, simple preparation.

Disadvantages: Currently low efficiency LED chips have UV leak problem phosphor temperature stability issues need to be resolved.

4.       Other Methods

There are several other white LED encapsulation method for special occasions.

4.1       The first: the red, blue, green, three-chip package together, according to a certain percentage of its light color control, mixed with a white light.

4.2       The second method is to mixed red, blue, green, yellow four chips to emitting white light.

Brief Introduction LED Chip Manufacturing Process

LED chip manufacturing process can be divided into wafer handling processes (Wafer Fabrication), wafer probe process (Wafer Probe), packaging process (Packaging), test procedures (Initial Test and Final Test). Wafer handling processes and wafer probing process is preceding (Front End) process, while packaging processes, test processes posterior segment is Back End processes.

1.       Wafer processing

The main work of this process is on the wafer production circuits and electronic components. Typically the process technology is related with the type of the products, first step is cleaning the wafer. Second, oxidizing the surface and in progress of chemical vapor deposition. Then coating, exposure, development, etching, ion implantation, sputtering a metal such as repeating step, the final layers of the wafer to complete the circuit and components processing and production.

2.       Wafer probing process

After the procedure, the wafer is formed on one of the small cell. Under normal circumstances, for ease of testing, improve efficiency, fabricated on the same wafer with a variety of product specifications. Under normal circumstances, for ease of testing, improve efficiency, fabricated on the same wafer with a variety of product specifications. But also can make several different varieties and specifications of products according to the need. In a probing (Probe) for each instrument to detect the electrical characteristics of the grain, the grain marked and unqualified after the wafer is cut. Divided into those many separate grains, then its electrical characteristics classified into different trays, unqualified grain is discarded.

3.       Packaging process

The grain is fixed on a single plastic or ceramic chip base and put some grain etched on the lead wire protruding from the bottom end of the base pin connector, to connected with the circuit board, finally covered with plastic and sealed with glue. Its purpose is to protect the grain to avoid scratching by mechanical or heat damage. This be considered fabricated an integrated circuit chip.

4.       Test procedure

Finally put a chip for the test, which can be divided into general and special test. The former is placed the chip after the package on various situation test their electrical characteristics such as power consumption, speed, pressure resistance, etc. After test the chip, according to their electrical characteristics we divided into different grades. The special test is based on the technical parameters of the special needs of our customers, from the similar parameter specifications, randomly take some part of the chip, making targeted specifically tested. To see whether it can meet customers' special needs, and in order to decide whether it is necessary for customers to design ASIC. Those products which are pass the general test can be shipped after paste products labeled specifications, model and date of manufacture and other identification labels.

Why the 21st Century Will Usher Industrial Revolution Again Since Edison Invented the Incandescent Lamp

Currently popular lighting fixtures on the market, either incandescent or fluorescent lamps, or gas discharge lamps, are vacuity or inflated state bulb products. The solid white light is a pure solid white light source, this light source make of the LED lighting material, also known as the white LED lighting devices. The appearance of bright LED especially GaN-based blue-green LED's rise makes application of LED occurred revolutionized, that is turned to light illumination. The invention of white LED on the end of the century makes humans lighting industry has entered a new period. Because of the huge market of human lighting revolution and the infinite significance to human survival and development. We entered a new era of solid-state lighting in twenty-first century.

Scientists predict that the twenty-first century will be the microelectronics and optoelectronics work together, play together era. Microelectronics and optoelectronics information technology depends on the rapid development of the two wheels. The solid-state lighting is the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress of the twenty-first century. The implement of the LED lighting will end up the era of last 120 years traditional incandescent lighting which is invented by Edison. This is not only the great revolution in lighting technology, but also the improvement of human life, is a great contribution for human progress.

As the LED lighting development potential, some advanced countries and regions make a national development plan on the development of LED. Japan began implementing the "21st Century Light Plan" from 1998 is expected white LED luminous efficiency of 120lm / w. Hoping to replace 50% of incandescent and fluorescent lamps in 2020. U.S. has also invested $ 500 millions, start the "next generation of lighting plan", target competed with the Japan for $ 40 billion LED lighting market. Europe and South Korea, intends to implement LED luminous efficiency of 200lm / w, far more than the current range of traditional lighting efficiency. Predicted that by 2015, the United States will have 75% of incandescent and fluorescent lamps are replaced by LED lights, saving $ 70 billion annually.

Applications of Heat Pipe for LED

1.       Heat pipe life issues

The lifespan of heat pipe is more than 10 years in general, in the harsh environment must ensure that its heat pipe to be done outside plating. Because copper is easily oxidized, the problems are sealing is not good, leaks. Brass fail, it is not heat thermal when doing hot water test. Heat pipe cooling process was found partially recessed, and it is visible, thus this pipe is damaged.

2.       Heat pipe patent issues

Heat pipes have been used for half a century, the patent can be said full of the anywhere. However, they are no binding to the consumer, they just for the heat pipe manufacturer, so there is no risk. And the large heat pipe manufacturers own patents are relatively adequate. Manufactured products are in line with the technical requirements, both to protect themselves and the customer.

3.       Heat pipe bending consumes problems.

Heat pipe bends will reduce the thermal conductivity, mainly due to the heat pipe wall damage, excessive bending causes the inner copper layer staggered, Loss of capillary liquid circulation, generally one time bending consumes 5%. So non-excessive bending in the process design.

4.       Heat Pipe power problems

Optimum length of the heat pipe heat transfer at about 160-250mm, best thermal state is single intermediate endothermic, ultra-heat side to maintain the direction of gravity. Single 6mm diameter pipe is generally able to withstand 25-35W, single 8mm diameter pipe can withstand 30-45W. You need to notice when designed an optional number of heat pipes, the sum of the power must more than LED chips, to prevent the impact of the heat pipe thermal power is not enough.

5.       The length of the heat pipe issues

Many manufacturers design the heat pipe longer than the actual processing capacity of the heat pipe, the best producer of heat pipe manufacturers within a length of 400mm. Those of more than 400mm pipe are extension pipe, generally the manufacturers can make 450mm heat pipe, no more than 600mm.

6.       LED heat pipe applications

Small power of LED (less than 10W) is generally not need to use the heat pipe for thermal conductivity. Generally through die casting can solve the heat sink problem. If It is the great power then must look at your LED arrangement of particles, the particles integrated heat pipe is the best use of thermally conductive material, can be said to be the preferred.

Applications of Heat Pipe for LED

1.       Heat pipe life issues

The lifespan of heat pipe is more than 10 years in general, in the harsh environment must ensure that its heat pipe to be done outside plating. Because copper is easily oxidized, the problems are sealing is not good, leaks. Brass fail, it is not heat thermal when doing hot water test. Heat pipe cooling process was found partially recessed, and it is visible, thus this pipe is damaged.

2.       Heat pipe patent issues

Heat pipes have been used for half a century, the patent can be said full of the anywhere. However, they are no binding to the consumer, they just for the heat pipe manufacturer, so there is no risk. And the large heat pipe manufacturers own patents are relatively adequate. Manufactured products are in line with the technical requirements, both to protect themselves and the customer.

3.       Heat pipe bending consumes problems.

Heat pipe bends will reduce the thermal conductivity, mainly due to the heat pipe wall damage, excessive bending causes the inner copper layer staggered, Loss of capillary liquid circulation, generally one time bending consumes 5%. So non-excessive bending in the process design.

4.       Heat Pipe power problems

Optimum length of the heat pipe heat transfer at about 160-250mm, best thermal state is single intermediate endothermic, ultra-heat side to maintain the direction of gravity. Single 6mm diameter pipe is generally able to withstand 25-35W, single 8mm diameter pipe can withstand 30-45W. You need to notice when designed an optional number of heat pipes, the sum of the power must more than LED chips, to prevent the impact of the heat pipe thermal power is not enough.

5.       The length of the heat pipe issues

Many manufacturers design the heat pipe longer than the actual processing capacity of the heat pipe, the best producer of heat pipe manufacturers within a length of 400mm. Those of more than 400mm pipe are extension pipe, generally the manufacturers can make 450mm heat pipe, no more than 600mm.

6.       LED heat pipe applications

Small power of LED (less than 10W) is generally not need to use the heat pipe for thermal conductivity. Generally through die casting can solve the heat sink problem. If It is the great power then must look at your LED arrangement of particles, the particles integrated heat pipe is the best use of thermally conductive material, can be said to be the preferred.